Light sources           ⇐

Natural light sources

1. Celestial and atmospheric light:

•    1a. astronomical
•    --> sunlight sunset sunrise
•    --> twilight
•    --> starlight
•    1b. lightning
•    1c. Aurora



2. Terrestrial light:

•    2a. bioluminescence
•    --> glow worm
•    --> firefly
•    --> christal jelly fish
•    --> antarctic krill
•    --> foxfire mushrooms
•    2b. volcanic light
•    --> eruption
•    --> lava

Chemical light sources

• --> chemoluminescence pictures glow sticks
• --> fluorescense see innovation-page
• --> phosphorescence see innovation-page

Combustion based light sources

1. Liquids:

•    1a. oil
•    --> oil lamp pictures
•    --> argand lamp pictures
•    1b. kerosene
•    --> kerosene lamp pictures

2. Gaz:

•    --> gas lighting pictures
•         & gas mantles pictures
•        - camping gaz lantern Hella Jongerius

3. Solids:

•    3a. wax
•    --> candle pictures
•        - Jacob de Baan non electrical collection
•    --> torch light
•    3b. reaction
•    --> carbid lamp pictures
•    --> limelight magic lantern pictures

Electric powered

1. electron stimulation:

•    1a. Cathodoluminescence
•    --> cathode ray tube (CRT) (old) television
•         crt-projector
•    --> ESL electron stiumlated luminescence
•         Vu 1 Corporation inventor of the ESL-lamp
•    --> nixie tube nixie clock

2. glowing filaments / heat (electrical generated):

• --> incandescence
• --> black body radiation
•    2a. incandescence light bulb
•    --> PAR-lamp Toio from Flos
•    2b. halogen lamp

Electroluminescence

• see 3b on the innovation-page

  LED

  1. light emitting diode

• --> LED-lamp
• --> citiled LED media facade
• --> colorkinetics from Philips
• --> LED-cube 8x8x8

2. O(rganic) led & P(olymer) led

• --> Oled & GE
• --> see 3b on the innovation-page

  Gas discharge lamps

  1. Low pressure discharge lamps

• --> fluorescent lamp (Tl, pl etc)
•      - compact fluorescent lamp
•      - black light
• --> low pressure sodium vapor lamp (natrium lamp)
• --> neon lamp
•      - neon lighting

2. High pressure discharge lamps

• --> high pressure sodium vapor lamp (natrium lamp)
• --> mercury vapor lamp (kwik lamp)

3. High intensity discharge lamp

• --> Metal halide lamp